“Simparica Trio for Dogs: Effective Protection Against Internal & External Parasites”

 Introduction of Simparica Trio for Dogs

Simparica Trio is an antiparasitic medication for dogs that is effective against both internal (endoparasitic) and external (ectoparasitic) parasites. This tablet is primarily used to protect dogs from parasitic infestations. Simparica Trio is administered to dogs that are 8 weeks of age or older.

This medication acts against external parasites such as ticks, mites, lice, and flies, as well as internal parasites like tapeworms (Cestodes), roundworms (Nematodes) such as Ascaris, lungworm, and heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis). Its use helps safeguard dogs from parasitic damage.

Simparica Trio has limited efficacy against adult heartworms. This medication is manufactured by Zoetis and is approved by the US FDA.

Simparica Trio is composed of three active ingredients: Sarolaner, Moxidectin, and Pyrantel Pamoate. These components work together to protect pets from parasites.

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Composition of Simparica Trio for Dogs

Simparica Trio tablet is an antiparasitic medication (dewormer) for dogs that acts against both internal (endoparasitic) and external (ectoparasitic) parasites. It is a palatable, chewable tablet administered to dogs aged 8 weeks or older. Simparica Trio is formulated with a combination of three drugs.

Per Tablet Contains:
✅ Sarolaner – 0.54 mg/lb (1.2 mg/kg)
✅ Moxidectin – 0.011 mg/lb (24 μg/kg)
✅ Pyrantel (Pamoate Salt) – 2.27 mg/lb (5 mg/kg)

Key Components

✅ Sarolaner:

• Belongs to the Isoxazoline class of parasiticides.
• Used to eliminate fleas and ticks in dogs.
• Isoxazoline is a class of five-membered heterocyclic chemical compounds. Its chemical name is 1-[5′-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]spiro[azetidine-3,1′(3′H)-isobenzofuran]-1-yl]-2-(methylsulfonyl)-ethanone.
• Contains one nitrogen and one oxygen atom.
• Used as an ectoparasiticide in both animals and humans.

Usage:

• Ectoparasiticide: Used for external parasite control.
• The Isoxazoline class of insecticides was discovered by Nissan.
• Fluralaner, Lotilaner, Afoxolaner, and Sarolaner from this class are used in dogs and cats for treating fleas, ticks, and mites.
• Afoxolaner and Sarolaner are used exclusively in dogs.
• Other compounds in this class are used as insecticides in agriculture.

✅ Moxidectin:

• A macrolide compound derived from the fermentation of Streptomyces cyaneogriseus bacteria.
• Its chemical name is (6R,23E,25S)-5-O-Demethyl-28-deoxy-25-[(1E)-1,3-dimethyl-1-buten-1-yl]-6,28-epoxy-23-(methoxyimino)milbemycin B.
• A deworming medication used in dogs, cats, horses, cattle, and sheep against internal parasites like heartworms, lungworms, Strongylus vulgaris, and intestinal worms.

Usage:
✅ In Dogs:

• Moxidectin is used to prevent heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) and mites such as Demodex mange and ear mites.

✅ In Horses:

• Used to eliminate Strongylus vulgaris (roundworms/nematodes).

✅ In Cattle:

• Used to control lungworms (Dictyocaulus viviparus) and abomasum worms (Haemonchus).

✅ In Sheep and Goats:

• Used as an internal parasiticide against roundworms/nematodes.

✅ Pyrantel (Pamoate Salt):

• Belongs to the Tetrahydropyrimidine class.
• Its chemical name is (E)-1,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-[2-(2-thienyl) vinyl] pyrimidine 4,4’ methylenebis [3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate] (1:1).
• Used as an anthelmintic against internal parasites like ascariasis, hookworm infection, enterobiasis (pinworm infection), trichostrongyliasis, and trichinellosis.
• In dogs, it is effective against roundworms and hookworms.

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Key Features:

✅ Three-in-one protection against ticks, heartworms, and intestinal worms, making it effective against both internal and external parasites (Ectoparasiticides with Endoparasiticides).
✅ Easy-to-chew and palatable, making administration convenient for dogs.
✅ Pyrantel (Pamoate Salt) is a yellow crystalline substance that is insoluble in water.
✅ Composed of Tetrahydropyrimidine Base (alkali) and Pamoic Acid, with a base activity of 34.7%.
✅ The active component of Pyrantel constitutes 34.7% of its total weight, making it highly effective against parasites (worms).

Mechanism of Simparica Trio for Dogs

Simparica Trio primarily consists of three active ingredients: Sarolaner, Moxidectin, and Pyrantel Pamoate. These components work together to protect pets from parasites. Below is a detailed explanation of their mechanisms of action:

1. Sarolaner

• Type: Insecticide and Acaricide
• Class: Isoxazoline

Mechanism of Action:

• Sarolaner inhibits GABA and glutamate receptors, which disrupts the nervous system of parasites, ultimately leading to their destruction.
• This interference causes uncontrolled neural and muscular activity in the parasites, resulting in their eventual death.

2. Moxidectin

• Type: Endectocide
• Class: Macrocyclic Lactone

Mechanism of Action:

• Moxidectin blocks chloride channel-mediated neurotransmission in parasites.
• As a result, the parasites become paralyzed and eventually die.

3. Pyrantel Pamoate

• Type: Nematocide
• Class: Tetrahydropyrimidine

Mechanism of Action:

• Pyrantel Pamoate disrupts the neural transmission of parasites, leading to paralysis.
• Due to paralysis, parasites either die or are expelled from the body.

Use of Simparica Trio in Dogs

Simparica Trio is a broad-spectrum medication that effectively works against both internal (endoparasites) and external (ectoparasites) parasites.

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1. External Parasites (Ectoparasites)

✅ Ticks – Effective against Ixodidae (hard ticks) and Argasidae (soft ticks).
✅ Mites – Prevents Demodectic Mange and Ear Mange infections.
✅ Lice – Protects against Pediculosis infestation.
✅ Flies – Prevents Myiasis infection.

✅ Protection Against Lyme Disease: Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria, spreads through tick bites.

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2. Internal Parasites (Endoparasites)

✅ Tapeworms (Cestodes)
✅ Roundworms (Nematodes) – Including Ascaris and Lung Worm.
✅ Prevention of Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection

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What Are Parasites?

Parasites are organisms that depend on a host for nutrition and survival. Their infestation is called Infestation.

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1. External Parasites (Ectoparasites)

These parasites live on a dog’s skin and cause infections.

✅ Ticks

Ticks attach to the skin and suck blood, leading to anemia and other diseases. Tick infestation is known as Tick Worry.

✔ Main Types:

• Ixodidae (Hard Ticks)
• Argasidae (Soft Ticks)

✔ Harmful Effects:

• Cause skin wounds, leading to bacterial and viral infections.
• Suck blood, weakening the dog and causing anemia.
• Repeated bites lead to skin inflammation (Dermatitis).
• Transmit protozoal diseases like Babesiosis and Theileriosis.

✔ Common Tick Species Controlled by Simparica Trio:

• Amblyomma americanum (Lone Star Tick)
• Amblyomma maculatum (Gulf Coast Tick)
• Dermacentor variabilis (American Dog Tick)
• Ixodes scapularis (Black-Legged Tick)
• Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Brown Dog Tick)
• Haemaphysalis longicornis (Asian Longhorned Tick)

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✅ Mites – Mange Infestation

Mite infestation is called Mange.

✔ Demodectic Mange

• Cause: Demodex canis mite
• Common in: Puppies aged 3-9 months
• Symptoms:
  • Hair loss (Alopecia)
  • Wrinkled, red skin (Red Mange)
  • Severe weakness

✔ Ear Mange (Ear Infection)

• Cause: Otodectes cynotis
• Symptoms:
  • Constant itching leading to ear inflammation (Otitis)
  • Rubbing ears excessively, causing injuries

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✅ Lice – Pediculosis Infection

Lice feed on blood and lymph, causing severe itching.

• Infected dogs frequently rub their bodies against walls or rough surfaces.
• A female louse lives for about a month and spreads rapidly.
• Infestation leads to hair loss.

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✅ Flies – Myiasis Infection

Flies contribute to the spread of protozoal diseases like Leishmaniasis.

✔ Types of Leishmaniasis:

• Visceral Leishmaniasis – Also known as Kala-Azar (Black Fever).
• Cutaneous Leishmaniasis – Causes skin ulcers.
• Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis – Infects mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, and throat.

✔ Transmission: Spread by Phlebotomine Sandflies.

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2. Internal Parasites (Endoparasites)

These parasites infect internal organs such as the stomach, liver, heart, intestines, and lungs.

✔ Types of Internal Parasites:
✅ Flukes
✅ Tapeworms: Taenia multiceps
✅ Roundworms: Heartworm, Hookworm

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Roundworms (Nematodes)

Roundworms, also known as Nematodes, infect the stomach, intestines, lungs, and heart of dogs, cattle, sheep, goats, and horses.

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Heartworm Infection in Dogs

✔ Parasite Name: Dirofilaria immitis
✔ Other Names: Heartworm, Dog Heartworm
✔ Structure: Thread-like filarial worm
✔ Disease: Dirofilariasis
✔ Mode of Infection: Spread through mosquito bites
✔ Effects:

• These parasites reside in the heart, causing blockages in the pulmonary artery.
• This disrupts blood circulation, increasing pressure on the heart.
• Ultimately, it can lead to heart failure and death.

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Ascarid Infection (Toxocara canis) in Dogs

✔ Mainly Affects: Intestines
✔ Effects in Puppies: Slows growth rate, mainly seen in 2-week to 2-month-old puppies.
✔ Modes of Transmission:

• Through the placenta
• Through mother’s milk

✔ Zoonotic Risk:
Toxocara canis can also infect humans, causing Toxocariasis.

✔ Transmission in Humans:

• Infected dog feces contain Toxocara canis eggs.
• These eggs spread through intermediate hosts to healthy animals, birds, and humans.

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Hookworm Infection in Dogs

Hookworms are nematode parasites that mainly infect the intestines and disrupt blood supply.

✔ Main Hookworm Species:

• Ancylostoma caninum (L4 stage, juvenile, and adult worms)
• Uncinaria stenocephala (Adult worms)

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Tapeworm (Taenia multiceps) Infection in Dogs

✔ Structure: Ribbon-like tapeworm
✔ Location: Found in the intestines of adult dogs
✔ Intermediate Host: Sheep
✔ Infection Stage: Coenurus cerebralis, causing neurological disease in sheep

✔ Symptoms in Sheep (Gid Disease):

• Infected sheep move in circles.
• Frequently press their heads against walls.
• Lose balance.

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Which Dogs Should Receive Simparica Trio?

✅ Puppies and dogs aged 8 weeks or older.
✅ Dogs weighing at least 2.8 pounds (1.3 kg).
✅ Provides one-month protection against heartworms, intestinal worms, fleas, and ticks.

Dosage and Administration of Simparica Trio

How to Administer Simparica Trio to Dogs:

• Simparica Trio tablets are primarily administered orally (Oral Route), per os (Per Oral), and enterally (Enteral Route) to dogs.
• Parasite medications are generally given orally because parasites are primarily found in the stomach, intestines, liver, and other internal organs.
• If the Simparica Trio tablet is given on an empty stomach or before meals, it may be more effective. However, for the correct dosage and timing, it is important to consult your nearest veterinarian.

Dosage of Simparica Trio for Dogs

Here is the updated dosage schedule with an additional row for weight in kilograms and recalculated doses per kg:

Dosage Calculation Per kg:

• Sarolaner: 1.2 mg/kg
• Moxidectin: 0.024 mg/kg (24 μg/kg)
• Pyrantel: 5 mg/kg

Dosage Calculation Per lbs:

• Sarolaner: 0.54/lbs
• Moxidectin: 0.011 mg/lbs
• Pyrantel: 2.27 mg/lbs

Actions of Simparica Trio in Dogs

1. Effective against Heartworm: ✔️ This medication helps prevent and control heartworm infections.
   ✔️ It should be given monthly, throughout the year. That means monthly deworming for your dog.
2. Helpful in the Treatment and Prevention of Fleas: ✔️ It can be started at any time.
   ✔️ It should be given monthly, year-round, or started one month before flea season.
3. Helps in Tick Control and Treatment: ✔️ It should be administered monthly throughout the year or started one month before tick season.
4. Effective against Intestinal Worms: ✔️ This medication helps prevent and treat roundworm and hookworm infections.
   ✔️ One single dose is sufficient for this purpose.
5. Works against Tapeworm Infection.

Warnings for Simparica Trio in Dogs

• 🚫 Not for Humans: This medication is only for dogs and should not be used by humans.
• 👶 Keep out of reach of children: As with all medications, keep Simparica Trio out of the reach of children and store it in a safe place.
• ⚠️ Do not use in cats, other dogs, or pets to avoid overdosing.
• ⚠️ If accidentally ingested by a human or other animal, contact a veterinarian or doctor immediately.

Precautions for Simparica Trio in Dogs

🧠 Effect on the Nervous System:
Sarolaner, a key component of Simparica Trio, is a compound from the Isoxazoline class. Medications from this class can cause the following nervous system issues:
✔️ Tremors
✔️ Ataxia (imbalance)
✔️ Seizures or dizziness

If the dog has a history of seizures or other neurological problems, use this medication with caution.

✔️ For dogs with a deficiency in Vitamin B1, first provide Vitamin B1 before administering this medication.

❤️ Heartworm Infection Check Required:
It is necessary to test for heartworm infection (Dirofilaria immitis) before administering Simparica Trio.
✔️ If the dog is already infected, treat with a medication that eliminates adult heartworms before giving Simparica Trio tablets.
✔️ This medication does not kill adult heartworms.

🐶 Safety in Breeding, Pregnant, and Lactating Dogs Unknown:
✔️ The safety of Simparica Trio in breeding, pregnant, or lactating dogs has not been confirmed.
✔️ Consult a veterinarian before use in such cases.

Adverse Reactions of Simparica Trio in Dogs

According to a safety study, side effects such as vomiting, diarrhea, and increased thirst were observed in dogs.

Study Details:

• Total number of dogs: 410
  ✔️ Treatment duration: 11 months (one dose per month)
  ✔️ Group division:
  • Treated with Simparica Trio: 272 dogs
  • Active control group: 138 dogs
    ✔️ Observation period: 330 days

Other Studies: ✔️ In a study with 278 flea-infested dogs, diarrhea was observed.
✔️ In a study with 120 dogs with roundworm infection, vomiting and diarrhea were seen.
✔️ In a controlled laboratory study, a dog experienced a seizure 16 days after taking Simparica Trio.

What to Do if Side Effects Occur from Simparica Trio?

1. Report Immediately:
   If any side effects are noticed during the use of Simparica Trio tablets, report them immediately to Zoetis and the FDA. This will allow for in-depth study and appropriate solutions.
2. Report to Zoetis:
   Zoetis, the manufacturer of Simparica Trio, can be reached at 1-888-963-8471 to report side effects.
3. Report Directly to FDA:
   You can submit a side effect report directly to the FDA at www.fda.gov/reportanimalae.
4. Include in the Report:
   To make the report effective and accurate, include the following information:

• Full medical history of the dog.
• How many times Simparica Trio was administered.
• The dog’s age and any pre-existing conditions.
• The lot number of the tablet vial used.

Source: DailyMed

“Simparica Trio provides comprehensive protection for dogs against internal and external parasites. Learn about its effectiveness against ticks, mites, heartworm, tapeworms, and more.”

THE RAJASTHAN EXPRESS